Archery

Archery

 Mongolian Archery

An Ancient Skill and a Living Tradition

Archery is one of Mongolia’s oldest traditional games and an essential part of nomadic heritage. Originally developed to improve hunting skills and long-distance accuracy, Mongolian archery today is a celebrated national sport—especially during the Naadam Festival.

   Origins and Purpose

In the past, bow and arrow skills were vital for:

• Hunting wild animals
• Protecting families and herds
• Celebrating successful hunts with friendly competitions

Over time, archery grew into a respected sport that demonstrated precision, strength, patience, and mental focus.

   Shooting Distance & Target Style

Traditional Mongolian archers shoot from 75–80 meters, a distance described as “45 bows laid end-to-end.”

Targets

• Targets are made of narrow-cut leather strips (sur)
• Shaped like small drums
• Arranged into two formations:
• Khana
• Khasaa

Archers take turns shooting and aim not to pierce the target, but to knock down its stacked layers, following ancient techniques.

   Archery at Naadam Festival

During the annual Naadam Festival, archers of all ages compete while wearing traditional Mongolian clothing. Competitions are divided into three styles, each representing a different ethnic group of Mongolia:

1. Khalh Archery

• Practiced by the majority ethnic group of Mongolia
• Uses the zurkhai field
• Open to men, women, and children

2. Buriad Archery

• Features distinct bows and arrows
• Target distance and shooting technique differ
• Uses the zuraakhai field
• Open to men, women, and children

3. Uriankhai Archery

• Allows only men to compete
• Known for its unique bow design and firing style

These categories celebrate Mongolia’s cultural diversity, honoring more than 20 ethnic groups and their unique traditions.

   A Symbol of Mongolian Identity

Traditional archery remains a powerful symbol of:

• Nomadic self-reliance
• Respect for ancestors
• Connection to Mongolia’s warrior past
• Community pride and celebration

Whether practiced by professional athletes or young beginners, archery continues to be one of Mongolia’s most cherished cultural sports.